Cymoxanil

White crystal. m.p. 160～161℃, relative density 1.31(25℃), vapor pressure about 8×10-5Pa(25℃). solubility at 25℃: acetone 10.5%, dimethylformamide 18.5%, chloroform 10.3%, methanol 4.1%, benzene 0.2%, hexane 0.1%, water 0.1%. Stable under normal storage conditions.

Fenoxycarb is a new fungicide that has shown significant control of fungal diseases such as grape mildew and potato late blight. Fenoxycarb is used as a seed treatment or foliar application to plants to control late blight.

Cymoxanil is a systemic and contact fungicide commonly used in agriculture to manage a variety of fungal diseases, particularly in vegetable and fruit crops. It is known for its rapid action and curative properties, often applied in combination with other fungicides to enhance efficacy.

Key Features

1. Chemical Class: Acetamide fungicide.

2. Mode of Action: Acts as a localized systemic fungicide, penetrating plant tissues to inhibit fungal growth.

3. Formulations: Available as wettable powders (WP), suspension concentrates (SC), and water-dispersible granules (WDG).

4. Compatibility: Often mixed with protectant fungicides like mancozeb or chlorothalonil for broader spectrum control.

Applications

Crops

• Vegetables: Potatoes, tomatoes, and cucurbits.

• Fruits: Grapes and citrus.

• Field Crops: Tobacco and sugar beets.

Target Diseases

• Late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in potatoes and tomatoes.

• Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) in grapes.

• Alternaria and other foliar blights.

Mode of Action

Cymoxanil interferes with the biosynthesis of fungal RNA and proteins, disrupting cell metabolism. Its systemic activity allows it to:

1. Penetrate Plant Tissues: Provides localized protection within treated areas.

2. Curative Action: Stops early-stage fungal infections when applied promptly.

3. Short Residual Activity: Works rapidly but requires repeated applications for sustained protection.

Advantages

1. Rapid Action: Quickly halts disease progression.

2. Systemic and Contact Protection: Shields treated areas internally and externally.

3. Resistance Management: Effective in combination with other fungicides for resistance prevention.

4. Low Environmental Residue: Breaks down quickly in the environment, reducing long-term impact.

Usage Guidelines

1. Application Timing: Apply at the onset of disease or as a preventive measure during high-risk periods.

2. Dosage: Follow manufacturer-specific recommendations based on crop and disease severity.

3. Reapplication Interval: Typically 7–10 days, depending on weather conditions and disease pressure.

4. Mixing: Combine with multi-site fungicides like mancozeb for enhanced effectiveness.

Safety and Environmental Considerations

Handling and Storage

• Protective Measures: Wear gloves, goggles, and protective clothing during handling and application.

• Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place away from food, water, and animal feed.

Environmental Impact

• Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to aquatic organisms; avoid contamination of water bodies.

• Degradation: Breaks down rapidly in soil and water, minimizing environmental persistence.

Human Health Risks

• Toxicity: Low toxicity when used as directed.

• First Aid:

  • Skin Contact: Wash with soap and water.

  • Eye Contact: Rinse thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes.

  • Inhalation: Move to fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.

  
  

Limitations

1. Short Residual Activity: Requires frequent applications for continuous protection.

2. Rainfastness: May need reapplication after heavy rainfall.

3. Specificity: Best used in combination with other fungicides for broad-spectrum control.

Conclusion

Cymoxanil is an effective fungicide for managing critical diseases in vegetables, fruits, and field crops. Its curative and systemic properties make it an essential tool in integrated pest management programs. Proper application and adherence to safety guidelines ensure optimal disease control and sustainable agricultural practices.