Fenitrothion

Pure product is slightly yellow oily liquid; b.p. 118℃ /6.666Pa, 140 ～ 145℃ /13.33Pa (with decomposition); 97℃ /5.333Pa, relative density 1.3327(25℃ ), refractive index n25D1.5528, viscosity 0.02Pa_x005f_x005f_x005f_x0002_s(30℃ ), volatility 0.82mg/m3(20℃ ), vapor pressure 7.999×10-4Pa(20℃ ).

Fenitrothion has good control effect on rice, soybean, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables and other crop pests, and is especially eff ective against rice stem borer.

Fenitrothion is an organophosphate insecticide widely used in agriculture and public health to control a broad range of pests. Known for its effectiveness against insects such as mosquitoes, flies, and agricultural pests, Fenitrothion operates by disrupting the nervous system of target organisms. Its relatively low toxicity to mammals compared to other organophosphates makes it a preferred choice for specific applications.

Key Features

1. Chemical Structure: Fenitrothion (C9H12NO5PS) is a methyl phosphorothioate derivative.

2. Mode of Action: It inhibits acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme crucial for normal nerve function in insects.

3. Broad-Spectrum Efficacy: Effective against various insect pests in crops and vectors in public health.

4. Application Versatility: Suitable for use in agriculture, forestry, and vector control programs.

Applications

Agriculture

Fenitrothion is used to control pests in:

• Cereal Crops: Protects wheat, rice, and barley from pests like aphids and weevils.

• Fruits and Vegetables: Effective against caterpillars, moths, and other chewing pests.

• Stored Grains: Prevents infestation by storage pests such as beetles and moths.

Public Health

• Mosquito Control: Fenitrothion is employed in vector control programs to combat malaria and dengue by targeting adult mosquitoes.

• Household Pests: Used in formulations to manage flies, cockroaches, and other household insects.

Forestry

• Defoliators: Effective in controlling pests like caterpillars that damage trees in forested areas.

Mode of Action

Fenitrothion functions by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine in the nervous system. The accumulation of acetylcholine leads to overstimulation of nerves, causing paralysis and eventual death of the insect.

Advantages

1. Broad-Spectrum Control: Effective against a wide variety of pests across different settings.

2. Low Mammalian Toxicity: Compared to other organophosphates, Fenitrothion has a relatively lower toxicity to mammals.

3. Residual Effect: Provides long-lasting protection, reducing the need for frequent applications.

4. Cost-Effective: Economical for large-scale pest control programs.

Safety and Environmental Considerations

Handling and Storage

• Protective Equipment: Always wear gloves, masks, and goggles during handling.

• Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place, away from food, feed, and water sources.

Environmental Impact

• Aquatic Toxicity: Fenitrothion is highly toxic to aquatic organisms and should not be allowed to contaminate water bodies.

• Non-Target Organisms: May harm beneficial insects, such as bees, if not applied carefully.

• Soil Residue: Persistent in soil under certain conditions; follow recommended application rates to minimize environmental impact.

Human Health Risks

• Acute Exposure: Can cause symptoms like nausea, dizziness, and respiratory distress.

• Chronic Exposure: Prolonged exposure may lead to neurological effects. Use proper safety measures to minimize risks.

Limitations

1. Resistance Development: Overuse can lead to resistance in pest populations, reducing efficacy.

2. Environmental Concerns: Its toxicity to aquatic life and non-target organisms requires careful application.

3. Restricted Use: In some regions, its use is regulated or restricted due to environmental and health concerns.

Conclusion

Fenitrothion remains a valuable tool in pest management, particularly in agriculture and public health. Its broad-spectrum efficacy and relatively low mammalian toxicity make it a practical choice for controlling insect pests. However, careful handling, adherence to safety protocols, and responsible application are essential to mitigate its environmental impact and maintain effectiveness.