Gibberellin

The pure product is white crystal, and the industrial product is white powder. m.p.233 ～ 235℃ . Soluble in alcohol, ketone, ester and other organic solvents and phosphate buffer solution with pH value of 6.3, insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzene and water.

Gibberellin is a kind of phytohormone with gibberellin alkyl ring structure that can promote plant growth. It can promote stem elongation, induce long-day plants to bolt and flower under short-day conditions, break dormancy, and promote fruit setting and single Physiological effects such as sexual fertility and cell division and differentiation.

Definition:

Gibberellins are a group of naturally occurring plant hormones that regulate growth and development. They are used to stimulate cell elongation, seed germination, flowering, and fruit development in various crops.

Mechanism of Action:

Gibberellins promote cell division and elongation by enhancing the expression of genes related to growth. They interact with other plant hormones like auxins and cytokinins to coordinate developmental processes.

Applications:

1. Agriculture:

   • Breaks seed dormancy and promotes germination in cereals.

   • Increases the size of fruits like grapes and citrus.

   • Improves crop yields by accelerating growth.

2. Horticulture:

   • Enhances flowering in ornamental plants.

   • Prevents premature fruit drop in apples and pears.

3. Forestry:

   • Promotes uniform seedling growth in nurseries.

4. Commercial Uses:

   • Used in brewing to enhance malt production in barley.

Functions in Plants:

• Stimulates Growth:
  Encourages stem elongation and leaf expansion.

• Breaks Dormancy:
  Activates seeds and buds to germinate under favorable conditions.

• Promotes Flowering:
  Induces flowering in certain long-day and biennial plants.

• Improves Fruit Quality:
  Enhances fruit size, shape, and uniformity.

• Delays Senescence:
  Extends the green life of leaves, improving photosynthesis and yield.

Formulations and Usage:

1. Formulations:

   • Available as powders, tablets, and liquid concentrates.

2. Application Methods:

   • Foliar Spray:

     • Apply to leaves for quick absorption and growth stimulation.

     
     

   • Seed Treatment:

     • Soak seeds to break dormancy and enhance germination.

     
     

   • Soil Application:

     • Use to promote root absorption in specific crops.

     
     

3. Concentration:

   • Typical concentrations range from 10 to 200 ppm, depending on the crop and desired effect.

4. Timing:

   • Apply at critical growth stages, such as germination, flowering, or fruiting.

Benefits:

• Enhanced Growth:
  Promotes rapid and uniform plant development.

• Improved Crop Quality:
  Increases fruit size, reduces deformities, and ensures uniform ripening.

• Higher Yields:
  Boosts productivity by optimizing growth processes.

• Stress Tolerance:
  Helps plants withstand adverse environmental conditions.

Safety and Environmental Considerations:

• Toxicity:

  • Non-toxic to humans and animals when used as directed.

  • Avoid excessive application to prevent overgrowth or lodging.

• Environmental Impact:

  • Biodegradable and eco-friendly with minimal environmental risks.

Handling and Storage:

• Storage Conditions:

  • Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture.

  • Keep the container tightly sealed.

• Safety Measures:

  • Use gloves, goggles, and protective clothing when handling.

  • Wash thoroughly after application.

Conclusion:

Gibberellin is a powerful growth regulator that plays a vital role in modern agriculture and horticulture. By stimulating germination, flowering, and fruiting, it enhances crop productivity and quality. Proper application ensures its effectiveness while maintaining safety and sustainability.