Glufosinate-ammonium

Low solubility in common organic solvents, high solubility in water. Hydrolyzes at pH 5-9, half-life in soil <10 d. Stable to light.

It is used to control annual and perennial dicotyledonous and grass weeds in orchards, vineyards, non_x005f cultivated land, potato fields, etc

Glufosinate-ammonium is a broad-spectrum, non-selective herbicide widely used for the control of annual and perennial weeds in agricultural and non-agricultural settings. As a post-emergent herbicide, it is particularly effective in crops genetically modified to tolerate it, such as certain varieties of corn, soybeans, and cotton.

Key Features

1. Non-Selective Action: Controls a wide range of grasses and broadleaf weeds.

2. Post-Emergent Application: Targets actively growing weeds.

3. Systemic Activity: Moves within the plant to ensure thorough weed control.

4. Crop Compatibility: Safe for use in glufosinate-tolerant crops.

Applications

Crops Treated

• Corn

• Soybeans

• Cotton

• Fruit Orchards

• Vineyards

Weeds Controlled

• Broadleaf weeds: Pigweed (Amaranthus spp.), morning glory (Ipomoea spp.), and lambsquarters (Chenopodium album).

• Grasses: Foxtails (Setaria spp.), barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli), and crabgrass (Digitaria spp.).

Mechanism of Action

Glufosinate-ammonium inhibits glutamine synthetase, an enzyme critical for nitrogen metabolism in plants. This disruption leads to an accumulation of ammonia in plant cells, causing cellular toxicity and eventual plant death. Its systemic action ensures that both foliage and roots are affected.

Advantages

1. Broad-Spectrum Control: Effective against a wide range of weeds, including herbicide-resistant species.

2. Flexible Use: Suitable for row crops, orchards, and industrial sites.

3. Rapid Action: Visible effects within days of application.

4. Environmental Safety: Low soil residual activity reduces long-term environmental impact.

Safety and Environmental Considerations

Handling and Storage

• Use personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, goggles, and long-sleeved clothing, during handling and application.

• Store in a secure, cool, and dry location away from food, feed, and water sources.

Environmental Impact

• Aquatic Toxicity: Avoid application near water bodies to prevent contamination.

• Wildlife Safety: Generally safe for non-target organisms when used as directed.

• Degradation: Breaks down rapidly in the soil, minimizing environmental persistence.

Regulatory Compliance

• Approved for use in many countries with specific application guidelines. Always follow local regulations for safe and effective use.

Limitations

• Non-Selective: Can harm desirable plants if not applied carefully.

• Resistance Risk: Overuse may lead to resistance in certain weed species.

• Limited Residual Control: Requires repeat applications for new weed growth.

Conclusion

Glufosinate-ammonium is a versatile and effective herbicide for managing weeds in a variety of crops and settings. Its systemic activity, broad-spectrum control, and compatibility with glufosinate-tolerant crops make it a valuable tool for modern agriculture. Proper application techniques and adherence to safety protocols ensure its effectiveness while minimizing risks to human health and the environment.