Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine)

White crystal or white crystalline powder, easily soluble in dilute acid and alkali, insoluble in water, alcohol, ether and acetone.

6-Furfurylaminopurine is mainly used in plant hormones, cytokinins.

Definition:

Kinetin, also known as 6-furfurylaminopurine, is a synthetic plant growth regulator belonging to the class of cytokinins. Cytokinins are plant hormones that play a crucial role in promoting cell division, shoot formation, and overall plant growth. Kinetin is widely used in plant tissue culture, agriculture, and horticulture to enhance growth, delay senescence (aging), and improve overall plant health.

Mechanism of Action:

Kinetin works by stimulating cell division and promoting the growth of lateral buds. It primarily affects the cytokinin pathways in plants, where it encourages cell division, chloroplast development, and the formation of new tissues. Kinetin also helps delay the process of senescence in plant tissues, keeping plants younger and more productive for longer periods. It can also influence other plant processes such as root development and flowering.

Applications:

1. Plant Tissue Culture:
   Kinetin is widely used in plant tissue culture to promote cell division and shoot formation. It is often included in culture media to induce the growth of callus tissues and to stimulate the development of new shoots and roots in various plant species.

2. Delaying Senescence:
   Kinetin is used to delay senescence in plants, particularly in cut flowers, fruits, and vegetables. By slowing down the aging process, kinetin helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintains their quality for a longer time.

3. Enhancing Plant Growth:
   In agricultural applications, kinetin can be applied to promote the growth of crops by stimulating cell division and shoot development. It can lead to improved plant vigor, increased yield, and better overall health.

4. Improving Flowering and Fruit Set:
   Kinetin can be used to promote flowering and fruit set in certain crops. By enhancing the production of flowers and fruit, kinetin can improve yields and the quality of the produce.

5. Regulating Root Development:
   Kinetin has been shown to influence root development in some plants, promoting the growth of roots in certain species. This can be particularly useful in promoting root growth in tissue culture or transplanting scenarios.

Benefits and Effects:

• Stimulates Cell Division:
  Kinetin promotes cell division, leading to enhanced growth and development in plants. This is particularly beneficial in tissue culture and for promoting overall plant health.

• Delays Senescence:
  By delaying the aging process in plants, kinetin helps maintain plant vitality, making it especially useful in prolonging the shelf life of flowers and produce.

• Improves Plant Vigor and Yield:
  Kinetin enhances plant growth, leading to improved vigor and higher yields in crops. This makes it valuable in both commercial agriculture and horticulture.

• Enhances Flowering and Fruit Set:
  Kinetin can stimulate flowering and fruit set, improving the reproductive success of plants and boosting yields in fruit and vegetable crops.

• Regulates Root Growth:
  In some cases, kinetin can influence root growth, improving the establishment of plants in the soil and promoting better root systems for transplanting or tissue culture.

Safety and Environmental Impact:

• Toxicity:
  Kinetin is considered to have low toxicity to humans and animals when used according to recommended guidelines. However, as with all chemicals, it should be handled with care to avoid irritation or other adverse effects.

• Environmental Impact:
  Kinetin is generally considered safe for the environment when used responsibly. It does not accumulate in the soil or water and breaks down relatively quickly. However, overuse or improper application could potentially disrupt natural plant growth processes.

Handling and Storage:

• Storage Conditions:
  Kinetin should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat. It should be kept in tightly sealed containers to prevent degradation.

• Safety Precautions:

  • Wear appropriate protective equipment (gloves, goggles) when handling kinetin.

  • Avoid inhaling dust or mist from kinetin solutions.

  • Keep kinetin out of reach of children and animals.

Conclusion:

Kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) is a versatile plant growth regulator that promotes cell division, delays senescence, and enhances overall plant growth. It is widely used in plant tissue culture, agriculture, and horticulture to improve plant health, increase yields, and extend the shelf life of crops. With its low toxicity and minimal environmental impact, kinetin is a valuable tool for enhancing plant productivity and quality.