Why Is Dichloroacetic Acid Important in Research and Specialty Chemical Synthesis?
Technical Introduction
Dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) (chemical formula: C₂H₂Cl₂O₂) is a halogenated carboxylic acid where two hydrogen atoms in acetic acid are replaced by chlorine. This structural feature significantly enhances its acidity and reactivity. DCAA is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid with a sharp odor and excellent water solubility—a rare trait among chlorinated acids.
Applications
Biomedical Research: Widely used as a metabolic modulator in studies related to cancer and mitochondrial disorders.
Organic Synthesis: Employed as a chlorinating reagent and precursor in specialty chemical production.
Material & Polymer Science: Explored for modifying polymer backbones or introducing functionality through partial chlorination.
Advantages
Strong Acidity: Highly reactive due to dual chlorination.
Water Solubility: Easy handling in aqueous reaction systems.
Versatility: Valuable in both laboratory and industrial-scale synthesis.
Typical Parameters
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₂H₂Cl₂O₂ |
| Molecular Weight | 128.94 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless to pale yellow liquid |
| Purity (%) | ≥ 99.0 |
| Boiling Point (°C) | 194–196 |
| Density (g/cm³) | ~1.57 @ 20 °C |
| pKa | ~1.3 |
| Solubility | Miscible with water, ethanol, ether |
| Storage | Store in cool, ventilated area; avoid bases & oxidizers |
| Shelf Life | 12 months (sealed) |
FAQs
Q1: Is dichloroacetic acid hazardous?
Yes. It is corrosive to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract and must be handled with proper protective equipment.
Q2: Is it regulated?
Yes. It is often monitored as a disinfection by-product in water treatment and must be handled according to chemical-control regulations.
Q3: Can it be used therapeutically?
No. Although used in research studies, dichloroacetic acid is not approved for medical applications.
Q4: How is it disposed of safely?
Neutralize with a base under controlled conditions and dispose of according to hazardous waste regulations.
Q5: Is it volatile?
Its vapor pressure is low, but vapors can still be highly irritating. Use it in a fume hood.
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