What Is Potassium Hydroxide (KOH) and Why Is It So Widely Used in Industry?

Technical Introduction

Potassium Hydroxide (KOH), also known as caustic potash, is a strong inorganic alkali with the chemical formula KOH.
It is usually produced through the electrolysis of potassium chloride (KCl) solution, yielding high-purity solid flakes, pellets, or liquid solution.

KOH is highly soluble in water and alcohol, generating significant heat during dissolution. It exhibits strong alkalinity, making it a key reagent and raw material across chemical, agricultural, food, and industrial applications.

Applications

1. Chemical Industry

• Intermediate for Potassium Salts: Production of potassium carbonate, potassium phosphates, potassium soaps, and potassium silicates.

• Catalyst in biodiesel production via transesterification.

• pH Regulator in various formulations.

2. Agriculture

• Source of potassium nutrients in specialty fertilizers.

• Used in the manufacture of herbicides and pesticides.

3. Food Industry

• Approved as a food additive (E525), used as a pH regulator and stabilizer.

• Used in cocoa processing, soft drinks, and thickening agents.

4. Industrial & Household Uses

• Soaps and Detergents: Production of liquid soaps and cleaning agents.

• Textiles & Leather: Used in mercerization and tanning processes.

• Batteries: Electrolyte in alkaline batteries.

Advantages

• High Reactivity: Strong alkaline properties for neutralization and synthesis.

• Versatile: Used in chemical, agricultural, food, cosmetic, and energy industries.

• Water Soluble: Rapid dissolution in water makes it easy to handle in solution form.

• Essential for Green Energy: Plays a critical role in biodiesel production and alkaline fuel cells.

Typical Parameters

FAQs

Q1: Is KOH stronger than NaOH?
A1: Yes, both are strong alkalis, but KOH is slightly more soluble and reactive in certain reactions, making it more effective in biodiesel and specialty chemical production.

Q2: Can KOH be used in food?
A2: Yes, in regulated amounts. It is classified as E525 in the EU and used as a stabilizer and acidity regulator.

Q3: What is the difference between KOH flakes and liquid KOH?
A3: Flakes/pellets are solid with higher purity (up to 99%), while liquid solutions (45–50%) are easier to dose and mix.

Q4: Why is KOH used in alkaline batteries?
A4: KOH acts as a stable, high-conductivity electrolyte, improving battery efficiency and longevity.

Q5: How should KOH be stored?
A5: In airtight containers, away from moisture and acids, as it is hygroscopic and corrosive.