Sodium propionate

Introduction
Sodium propionate is a widely used food-grade preservative known for its effective antifungal properties. Commonly found in baked goods, dairy, and pharmaceuticals, it helps extend product shelf life by inhibiting mold and some bacteria, making it a key additive for industries requiring microbial stability.

What Is Sodium Propionate?

Sodium propionate (chemical formula: C₃H₅NaO₂) is the sodium salt of propionic acid. It appears as a white, crystalline powder with a faint odor of propionic acid and is highly soluble in water.

• CAS Number: 137-40-6

• Molecular Weight: 96.06 g/mol

• Appearance: White powder or granules

• Taste: Slightly salty

Key Features and Functions

1. Antifungal Agent

   • Inhibits mold growth, particularly in bread and bakery products

   • Reduces spoilage caused by Aspergillus and Penicillium species

2. Food Preservation

   • Prevents spoilage without affecting flavor or texture

   • Used in cakes, tortillas, cheese, processed meat, and beverages

3. Pharmaceutical Uses

   • Preservative in oral dosage forms such as syrups, tablets, and lozenges

   • Helps maintain product safety and efficacy over time

4. Safety and Stability

   • Recognized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the FDA

   • Thermally stable and has good shelf stability in dry conditions

Applications by Industry

Usage Guidelines

• Food dosage: 0.1–0.3% depending on the product

• Pharma dosage: As per regional pharmacopeia regulations

• Storage: Keep in cool, dry conditions, away from moisture

Advantages of Sodium Propionate

• Cost-effective and easy to formulate

• Water-soluble, ensuring uniform distribution

• Low toxicity, safe for human and animal consumption

• No significant taste interference in food or pharma products

Limitations

• Less effective in low-pH (acidic) environments

• May not be suitable for organic or “clean label” products

• Limited antibacterial activity (mainly antifungal)

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Is sodium propionate safe for daily consumption?
A: Yes. It is approved by global food safety authorities and safe when used within recommended limits.

Q: How is it different from calcium propionate?
A: Sodium propionate is more soluble in water and is preferred when rapid dispersion is needed.

Q: Can it be used in organic foods?
A: No. Sodium propionate is synthetically produced, so it is typically not allowed in organic-certified products.

Conclusion

Sodium propionate is a powerful and reliable preservative for food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. Its antifungal capabilities and ease of formulation make it essential for manufacturers seeking to ensure product stability, safety, and extended shelf life. Whether you’re baking bread or formulating syrups, sodium propionate delivers dependable performance.