Introduction
Phoxim is a broad-spectrum organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide widely used in agriculture and animal husbandry. It is highly effective against a variety of pests, including mites, beetles, caterpillars, lice, and other chewing and sucking insects. Its contact and stomach poisoning action makes it suitable for foliar spray, soil treatment, and even direct application on animals.
Key Features
Dual Action
Contact toxicity: Kills pests on direct contact.
Stomach toxicity: Effective when ingested by feeding pests.
Wide Pest Spectrum
Controls a broad range of agricultural and livestock pests: aphids, caterpillars, armyworms, flies, fleas, lice, and mites.
Fast Knockdown Effect
Rapidly paralyzes and kills pests shortly after application.
Versatile Use
Can be used on crops, in soil, and on livestock such as pigs and poultry.
No Residue in Meat
When used correctly, phoxim shows low residue levels in animal products, making it safe for veterinary use.
Applications
| Use Area | Target Pest | Application Method |
|---|---|---|
| Cabbage, tomatoes | Caterpillars, beetles, aphids | Foliar spray |
| Cotton | Cotton bollworm, aphids | Spraying during early outbreak |
| Livestock (pigs) | Lice, mange mites | Topical backline treatment |
| Poultry | Fleas, mites | Direct application or spray |
Dosage Example (agriculture): 1000–2000 times dilution
Livestock Use: 0.1%–0.2% solution for skin application
Reapplication interval: 7–14 days depending on infestation level
Mode of Action
Phoxim inhibits acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the nervous system of insects, leading to accumulation of acetylcholine, causing nervous system failure, paralysis, and death.
Safety and Handling
Toxicity: Moderate oral and dermal toxicity to humans and mammals
Protective Equipment: Gloves, mask, and long sleeves required during handling
Environmental Impact: Toxic to fish and bees—avoid spraying near water bodies or during flowering periods
Storage: Keep in a cool, dry place away from food and feed
Limitations
Resistance Risk: Long-term repeated use may lead to resistance—rotate with other insecticides
Not compatible with strong alkali or acidic substances
Avoid use during rainy or high wind conditions for effective spraying
FAQs
Q: Can phoxim be used on edible crops?
A: Yes, but adhere strictly to the pre-harvest interval (PHI), typically 7–14 days.
Q: Is it safe for young animals?
A: Use caution and adjust dosage for young or weak livestock under veterinary guidance.
Q: Can phoxim be mixed with other insecticides?
A: It can be tank-mixed with non-alkaline compounds, but compatibility testing is recommended.
Conclusion
Phoxim remains a valuable tool in integrated pest management (IPM), thanks to its broad activity, quick action, and dual application potential for both crops and animals. When used responsibly, it can significantly reduce pest-related losses and support healthier yields and livestock.