How Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Enhances Formulations Across Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Industry

Introduction

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is a versatile polymer widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial applications due to its excellent solubility, biocompatibility, and flexibility. Available in various molecular weights, PEG serves as a solvent, emulsifier, lubricant, and stabilizer, making it an essential ingredient in modern formulations.

Product Information

• Name: Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)

• Chemical Formula: H-(O-CH2-CH2)n-OH

• CAS Number: 25322-68-3 (varies by molecular weight)

• Appearance: Colorless, odorless waxy solid or liquid depending on molecular weight

• Solubility: Water-soluble; soluble in many organic solvents

• Grades: PEG 200, 400, 600, 1000, 3350, 8000, 20000 (liquid to solid range)

Key Features

• Excellent water solubility and hygroscopic nature

• Functions as a solvent, plasticizer, and emulsifier

• Biocompatible and non-toxic for pharmaceutical use

• Stable over a wide pH and temperature range

• Available in various molecular weights to tailor viscosity and melting point

Applications

PEG acts primarily by modifying viscosity, stabilizing emulsions, and enhancing solubility of active ingredients. Its ability to bind water molecules also makes it an effective moisturizer in topical applications.

Advantages

• Versatile with multiple grades for specific formulation needs

• Safe and non-irritating for skin and mucous membranes

• Enhances stability and texture of creams and ointments

• Improves bioavailability of drugs by enhancing solubility

Limitations

• High molecular weight PEGs can be waxy and difficult to handle

• May cause skin sensitization in rare cases at high concentrations

• Not biodegradable, so environmental concerns exist for industrial use

FAQs

Q: Is PEG safe for topical and oral use?
A: Yes, PEG is widely accepted as safe in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, with various grades approved for topical and oral administration.

Q: How does molecular weight affect PEG’s properties?
A: Lower molecular weights (e.g., PEG 200) are liquids, good solvents, while higher weights (e.g., PEG 3350) are solids used as thickeners or laxatives.

Q: Can PEG be used in natural or organic products?
A: PEG is synthetic and generally not classified as “natural,” which may limit its use in certified organic products.

Conclusion

Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) is a multifunctional polymer essential for pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and industrial formulations. Its range of molecular weights, safety, and functional versatility make it a key ingredient in enhancing product performance and stability.